Contents
In short
- Check the title before paying: seller's name, no brand, no lien, matching VIN.
- If there's a loan, get the lien release or pay at the seller's lender.
- Fill in a bill of sale with both names, VIN, mileage, price and date.
- You usually pay sales tax and register the car at your DMV.
- Rules vary by state: check your DMV's requirements before the sale.
Before you pay
- Title in the seller's name, matching their ID. No title, no sale.
- No brand (salvage, rebuilt, flood). See title brands.
- Lien: if a lender is listed, the seller needs a lien release, or you complete the sale at their bank.
- VIN on the title matching the car.
- Odometer reading recorded on the title for cars that require it. See odometer fraud.
On the day of the sale
- The seller signs the title over to you in the right section, with the mileage and the date. Don't accept a title signed by someone else (an “open title”).
- Fill in a bill of sale: both names and addresses, VIN, mileage, price, date and signatures. Some states have an official form.
- Pay securely: cashier's check or bank transfer, ideally at the seller's bank.
- Plates: depending on the state, they stay with the seller or the car.
After the sale
- Insure the car before driving it.
- Title and register the car at your DMV within your state's deadline, paying sales or use tax and fees.
- Inspection: some states require a safety or emissions inspection before registration.
- Recalls: check them with the VIN. See VIN and recalls.
Written by
The Carvizia team
Every day we analyze used car listings: engines, common problems, maintenance and market value. Our guides bring together what to check before you buy, without jargon.
About usFrequently asked questions
What's an open title?
A title signed by the owner but with the buyer section left blank, passed from seller to seller. It's illegal in many states and hides who really sold the car.
Do I pay sales tax on a private sale?
In most states, yes, when you register the car. Rates and exemptions vary by state.
Can I drive the car home without plates?
It depends on your state. Some issue temporary permits; check your DMV's rules before the sale.